Study of Organized Retail in Rural Indian Markets

Study of Organized retail in country Indian MarketsShubham Kumar sell accounts for just abtaboo 10% of the Indian GDP and the Indian retail grocery is estimated to be worth around US $600 billion in 2015 and to rival US$1.3 trillion by 2020. It is alike matchless of the fastest in the world in terms of growth and already consists of 1.2 billion people. In revision to understand the standing of organise retail in the arcadian Indian commercializes, one must get-go understand what is meant by organised sell itself.1.1 Organized retail With more than 15 million proprietor manned mom-and-pop stores, India is often c eached a nation of shopkeepers. This is referred to as unorganized retailing and it refers to the traditional formats of first-class honours degree-cost retailing much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the local deferral shops, owner manned general stores, paan/beedi shops, convenience stores, hand carts and pavement vendors, etceteratera On the other hand, organ ized retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by authorize retailers who argon registered for sales tax, income tax, etc. These include the publicly traded super markets, corporate-backed hypermarkets and retail chains, and withal the privately owned large retail logical argumentes.The face of retailing in India was changed by the emergence of organized retail formats along with a tilt in the Indian consumers attitude. The above figure shows the evolution of the Indian retail market. However, organized retailing in the Indian markets has mostly been in the urban regions and the all overall Organized Retail Penetration (ORP) is low at 8% (in 2015) showing that a lot of potential still exists.1.2 Organized Retailing in Rural Indian MarketsThe unorganized retailers hold advantages such(prenominal) as macrocosm personal, strong relationships, serving as points of news, offering character reference and lot the people in difficult times. Further, they understand the loca l requirements and offer low prices as they pick out low overheads. By 2012, urban Indian markets was where 85% of the organized retailing took place in India. However, with a lot of outside(prenominal) players entering, limited and high-ticket(prenominal) desir sufficient real estate and foreign investing relaxation methodrictions have pushed the Indias retail market closer to maturity.The rural Indian market on the other hand, consists of 833,087,662 people (68.84% of total) living in around 6,40,867 villages. growing of the rural market began later the Green Revolution when the demand for erect inputs like hybrids seeds and fertilisers began rising. Yet only a small part of the commodious rural market remains covered by organized retailers such as DCM Shrirams Hariyali, HULs hurtle Shakti and ITCs e-Choupal. The following figure shows the evolution of the diametric retailing formats in the rural marketsOrganized retailing offers certain advantages such as direct in a large scale with multiple expirations, being highly efficient and hold high bargaining power over suppliers due to their volume purchases. In appendage to these advantages, following are around drivers which are fueling organized retailing in the rural markets2.1 stoveThis study looks at various secondary sources of nurture regarding the major players elusive in organized retailing in the rural Indian markets. An summary of their marketing mix along with their strategies is done and the opportunities and challenges for retailing in these markets are identify. Following are the organized retailing entities covered as a part of this studyWarana BazarGodrej AadhaarITC e-Choupal Caupal SagarHUL ShaktiDSCL Hariyali Kisaan Bazaar2.2 Major Organized Retailers in Rural IndiaDue to its vast potential and growth, the rural Indian market has been victorious in attracting many large corporate houses and come up with innovative means to cater to their needs. Some of these firms include international players such as HUL, ITC, Gilette etc. While some of these initiatives were successful, some were not able to gain enough traction.2.2.1 Warana BazarWarana Bazar (WB) was founded in the year 1976 and started operating in 1978 in Warana, Maharashtra. It operates as a consumer co-operative store and has become vastly successful. By 2015, WB had 2 large departmental stores, 55 branches and 3 franchisees in 101 villages spread across Kolhapur and Sangli in Maharashtra in addition to being present in Goa and Karnataka. The yearly turnover reached 132 crores with a occasional turnover of more than 35 lakhs powered by only 610 employees and 24,000 members. The stores provided 30,000 different types of goods across 24 sections. They also eliminated the middlemen by purchasing 70% of the goods like a shot from the manufacturers or from authorized enthronization firmists and agents. The goods were priced cheaper than anywhere else, suggesting an everyday low pricing policy. In addition to this, innovative ideas have proven to be crucial in the success of WB. They educated the nodes about spurious goods and in addition to this, it felicitates the mothers around Warananagar who give birth to a girl child in order to stand by repair the sex ratio. Vilasrao. A machinateing center coined Tatyasaheb Kore Consumers accommodating Training Centre was also established in 1996 to gain inlet to trained salesmen.2.2.2 Godrej-Future Group Aadhaar StoresGodrej Aadhaar (GA), the agri services cum retail initiative of Godrej Agrovet Ltd., a subsidiary of Godrej Industries Ltd., came into operation in December 2003 by opening a center at Manchar, Pune in Maharashtra. Initially, the Aadhaar stores were owned and operated by Godrej Agrovet itself. After a joint venture with the Future Group in 2008, some company-owned outlets were unsympathetic and expanded through franchisees. By 2012, it entered the funds-and-carry business enterprise selling to wholesalers an d Aadhaar outlets. By 2013, there were 45 Aadhaar outlets in Punjab and Gujarat.Image 1 An Aadhar store in PunjabInitially, 1/3rd of the overall sales of Aadhar outlets came from put up inputs, while the rest came equally from apparel, consumer durables and consumer goods. Since then, the share of farm inputs has decreased and presently, more than 90% of the sales came from groceries and consumer goods. Rekhi says. The new strategies have yielded results, and Aadhaar was looking to break even.2.2.3 ITC Ltd. e-Choupal Choupal SaagarITC Ltd. Launched e-Choupal and later Choupal Saagar as a part of the e-Choupal initiative. E-choupals are small kiosks across the verdant regions of India having computers and profits access and place by a Sanchalak (trained fanner). These kiosks enabled the local farmers to obtain information on wholesale prices, good farming practices, and to place orders for agricultural inputs.In 2004, Indias tumidgest cigarette maker, ITC, opened its first rura l hypermarket Choupal Saagar. By 2007, it had 24 such outlets in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh, and by 2013, 21 of these were earning profits. Though it plans to have 100 such store, ITC has not expanded further yet. Choupal Saagar, is essentially a hub with collection and entrepot facilities and a unique rural hypermarket offering multiple services all in one place. Choupal Saagars also include farmer facilitation centers with services such as sourcing, training, soil testing, health clinic, cafeteria, banking, investment services, fuel station etc.Image 2 A typical Choupal Sagar store.Before launching Choupal Saagar, ITC first had to larned the market. This was done by using the its e-Choupal linkages to buy agricultural get to from farmers helping them increase their productivity and incomes by removing the middlemen and empowering them. After this, Choupal Saagar stores were launched to sell a variety of products and services including farm inpu ts, consumer goods and consumer durables, apparel and fuel. These stores were located near the stock points of ITCs e-Choupals, ensuring that there existed 1 Choupal Sagar around 25-30 e-Choupals. The farmers could come in, sell their produce, receive cash and then spend it to buy other products at the same place. Thus, the sustainability of this stumper was en acceptedd.ITC then took this model a step further by introducing Choupal wise in 2006 in Hyderabad. The Choupal Fresh would complete the supply chain which begins at the e-Choupals by offering the urban consumers fresh fruits, vegetables and other farm products.2.2.4 HUL vagabond ShaktiProject Shakti was started to reach the massive under-served rural Indian markets which could not be economically and effectively reached through traditional methods. In these remote villages, HUL identified underprivileged women and trained them to become Shakti Entrepreneurs (SEs) i.e. distributors of HUL products in villages, in the proce ss enable them to earn a sustainable income through this business. Initially, the women were trained to be entrepreneurs and were called Shakti ammas, and in the later stages, this was augmented by the addition of Shaktimaan or the male members who helped in the diffusion of the HUL products and further increased the income.Considerable resources are invested by HUL to train the villagers to become entrepreneurs, thus, besides being a sales, diffusion and conversation initiative, Shakti also serves as a micro-enterprise initiative improving the standards of life and providing employment opportunities. HUL is benefitted as the project helps enhance HULs direct rural reach and enables better communication of HULs brands effectively in media-dark regions. In 2001, Project Shakti started from 17 SEs in a single state and by 2008, it had grown to more than 45,000 SEs. Additional projects associated with Project Shakti are Shakti Day, i-Shakti Unit and Shakti Vani Programme.2.2.5 DSCL Hariyali Kisaan BazaarDCM Shriram Consolidated Ltd (DSCL) Hariyali stores were started in 2002 selling farm products, groceries and household goods. In 6 years, it operated 300 stores in India and became the largest rural retail chain. Each Hariyali Kisaan Bazaar operated in an area of 20 kms., catering to agricultural land of about 50,000-70,000 acres touching approx. 15,000 farmers. The value proposition was that of Unnati Ghar Sansaar and Gaon providing worthful technical assistance, soil water testing services, retailing agricultural inputs, facilitating the farmers with credit and providing a platform to the farmers to sell their produce, crop finance, transfer information on weather, price of the products based on demand and supply, all under one roof. It had collaborations with the likes of Tata Agrico, Bajaj Allianz Life, Apollo Pharmacy, Eicher Motors and HDFC Bank.However, the rural market presents a lot of challenges for organized retailing and not all players have been able to succeed in this venture. Revenues kept on increasing at a good rate but the business was not able to earn a profit which ca apply DSCL to reevaluate its strategy. First, it slowed deck expansion and later it shut down some stores and finally after 10 years of trying, it exited the business. Presently, it sells only petroleum products sourced from Bharat Petroleum at 37 locations in the countryside dropping the revenues but also limiting the losses. An ex-employee of said that the outlet didnt offer any discounts and, unlike local grocery stores, didnt sell on credit which might be the main reasons behind its collapse.Image 3 A closed Hariyali store in Haryanas Ladwa village.3.1 Challenges for Organized Retailing in Rural Indian MarketsTypical problems of retailing in rural markets broken in available incomesIlliteracy and low awarenessHigher overhead costFluctuating demand that depends on the monsoonDiverse buying habitsDifficulty in competing with mom-and-pop stores3.2 Di stribution and Logistics ModelsThe typical distribution models and hub and spoke model do not always succeed in the rural markets and are very expensive to implement. Taking the example of HUL, taking its huge product portfolio to the remotest of villages was a big challenge. However, the company realized that the conventional hub-and-spoke distribution model which it used to great effect in both urban and semi-urban markets would turn out to be very expensive when penetrating the smaller scattered villages. Hence, it came up with Project Shakti and created local entrepreneurs using self-help groups. This developmental approach made sure that even the remotest of villages could be reached and the market developed without a large investment in the distribution infrastructure.On the other hand, Haryali Kisaan Bazaar was not successful as it could not implement such cost-effective and innovative distribution models, therefore failing to keep its costs low and earn a profit. The sustain ability of organized retailing in the rural markets depends upon the ability of the firms to come up with innovative distribution and logistics models such as using public distribution stores, distribution vans, non-government organizations etc. Yet another example can be taken of ITCs Choupal Sagar which used technology to reduce its costs as intumesce as empower the farmers by enabling them to get better deals for their produce.3.3 Ensuring Sustainability through Market DevelopmentIn order to generate sales in the remote rural markets, they must be first developed so that the consumers have the required knowledge to find value from the product and the disposable income to be able to afford the product. Organized retail however, does not help in increasing the rural incomes but only meets the consumption requirements. This makes the business models unsustainable. In order to sustain, the organized retailers must simultaneously work to develop these markets by implementing innovati ve ideas.Looking at ITC, it did not straight forward establish the Choupal Sagar stores, instead ITC focused on developing linkages through its e-Choupal political platform first. It developed a strong network to buy agricultural products from farmers and improve productivity, helping raise their incomes and in the process, reduce its procurement costs. It was after establishing the e-Choupals and a certain level of trust with the rural markets that ITC went on to launch the Choupal Sagar stores which exchange a variety of products and services to these rural markets. HULs Project Shakti also ensured sustainability by ensuring the development of the markets through self-help groups called the Shakti Markets. Similarly, Warana Bazar being a consumer co-operative store also helped in the development of the rural markets.Due to a lack of veritable developmental efforts, organized retailers such as the Hariyali Kisaan Bazar and Aadhar Stores have run into trouble, unable to make pro fits and sustain the business. While the Hariyali Kisaan Bazar have been reduced to selling fuel products, Aadhar Stores have had to shut down a lot of stores and recreate its product mix.Franchises are an attractive way of expanding organized retail stores as local franchisees are better at maintaining customer relationships as they understand the local consumption patterns better.ReferencesEqubal, D. S. (2012, January). Organized Retailing in India Challenges and Opportunities. transnational journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 02(01), 281-291.Govt. of India. (2011). Rural Urban Distribution of Population. Census of India 2011.Haidar, P. (2015, July). modern-day Rural Marketing Network. 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