Does increasing nurse-patient ratio increase in hospital patient Research Paper

Does increasing restrain-patient balance increase in hospital patient mortality - Research Paper ExampleThe issue of high nurse-patient rations will continue to affect the deliin truth of healthcare services across the U.S (Institute of Medicine, 2004). Additionally, the nursing shortfall in the USA is expected to grow to 260,000 registered nursing staff by the year 2025. A shortage of this microscope stage will be double that experienced in the past, in the US since the 1960s. Relating the case of nurse shortage in the U.S, one of the developed nations of the world, the case has not been any different for slight developed nations exchangeable Taiwan. In Taiwan, a high number of hospitals are facing the problem of low nurse-staffing. The case has been very acute in recent years, leading to the closure of a number of wards at given hospitals, check to the statistics drawn from a study by the National union of Nurses association (Central News Agency, 2011). Research studies on h ospitals and healthcare centers show that institutions with inadequate nursing personnel show poorer patient outcomes, which compromises the care administered to patients. Decreased nurse staffing was linked to patient safety concerns and the change magnitude incidence of adverse situations like the development of pneumonia, pressure ulcers, urinary tract infections (UTIs) (Lichtig, Knauf & Milholland, 1999), patient mortality (Aiken et al., 2002), medication errors (McGills-Hall, Doran & Pink, 2004), unplanned extubation cases (Marcin et al., 2005) and longer length of stay on reasonable (Pronovost et al., 1999). Blegen and Vaughn (1998) discussed that, with a higher proportion of the service hours offered by registered nurses (RNs), there was a resultant decrease in the average length of stay (ALOS), cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, UTIs, medication errors and patient complaints, pressure ulcers, and pneumonia and cardiac arrests or shock with failure to rescue. Towards extending the nurse shortage, the government has adopted a potential payment model to address the increasing medical expenditures. This has been affected through the imposition of measures like, the restructure of the operations of the hospitals facing financial pressure. This encompasses the borrowing of strategies like the hiring of unlicensed assistant nurses or casual nurses, who are paid lower amounts as compared to the RNs, and bath fill the service gaps (Sun et al., 2005). Nevertheless, it is challenging to improve nursing staff levels, even after the replacement of registered nurses with the less costly personnel. The factors leading to the unsolvable nature of the situation include the gap between the numbers of in stock(predicate) vacancies and the number of qualified registered nurses, willing to fill these vacancies, the working conditions, the nurse burnout resulting from the shortage and low job merriment levels (Yin & Yang, 2002). Another issue heightening the n ursing shortage is the abandonment of the nursing profession due to increased involvement in extra-patient care services like nursing informatics and utilization management. This is evident from a recent study, which showed an average vacancy level of 28% in Taiwan (Sun et al., 2005). In Taiwan, there is in addition legislation requiring a minimum nurse-to-patient ratio of 18 at hospitals. However, this minimum ratio was

The Geographical Origins of Ashfords Population in 1851 Essay

The Geographical Origins of Ashfords Population in 1851 - Essay ExampleThe military men setup their schools, shops and churches .In the molybdenum half of 19th century Ashford cattle market was one of the greatest markets in south of England. sheepskin fleeces were collected and auctioned and hops were grown on gravid scale .After the introduction of railways, more than 2000 traders used to lambaste Ashford every harvest time (lambert).The Ashford then got divided into east and west conglutination districts. Further, the east union district was split into 25 parishes, divided into three sub districts, whereas, the west union district comprised of 13 parishes divided into two sub districts (Pearman, 2012).The town of Ashford was established in 1849.before that it was a part of The Town of chromatic .This town has its roots in the 9th century. There are various manors that surround the town including Repton, Licktop, Esture and Wall is the grown ones. (Pearman, 2012).Famous famil ies continued their ownership in these manors and estates and later in 18th century declared Ashford as a cheerful and neat town. Ashford continued to be an agriculture town and with the introduction of railways started becoming an attraction for migrant The railway company set up a society near the railway station .A pulverisation for the repair of locomotive engines, residence for their workers and storage area for the railway carriages were constructed. (Knight, 1850) There has been a parish workhouse erected with workshops, storehouses, a large yard, with every necessary implement (Pearman, 2012).

Political rhetoric Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Political ornateness - Essay ExampleGiven the variations in the economic state of the United States of America, Obama habituated his annual State of the Union podium to adopt a bracing trend in his executive authority as the President. The mother tongue entailed rhetoric lecturing through the use of defiant words such(prenominal) as with or without Congress as an individual step in advancement of the economy. The President also adopted the use of alliteration in a number of paragraphs such as It is our unfinished task to restore the basic bargain that built this country, the idea that if you work concentrated and meet your responsibilities, you foot get ahead, no matter where you come from, what you look like, or who you love. These words specify the repetition of words alongside words that soften the attention of the audience. In addition, the president insisted the use of rhetoric using character development by stating. Im eager to work with all of you, except America doe s not stand still and neither will I. So wherever and whenever I can take steps without legislation to expand opportunity for more American families, thats what Im going to do (Baker, n.d).At the same time, republicans were not left out in responding to the rhetoric speech of Obama in the state of the Union. The five term congress woman, Cathy McMorris Rodgers rhetorically responded by blaming Obama for the current economic problems. She stated, excessively many people are falling further and further behind because, right now, the presidents policies are making peoples lives harder, she said. Republicans have plans to close the gap. Her speech incorporated alliteration as a way of outlining how her 6 year old son, Cole was born with Down syndrome under the Obamas health care program that had many regulations and a record in expenditure (Franke-Ruta, n.d).Obamas speech at the annual State of the Union podium resembles that of Julius

Assess and arguments for the law of karma, and discuss whether the law Essay

Assess and arguments for the law of karma, and discuss whether the law implies or controverts the ex - Essay ExampleSankhya see that the material of creation is made of earth and stone and could possibly not be created by Isvara whose ingest characteristics are not consistent with the same material (Radhakrishnan 43 b). The Sankhya doctrine holds that it is not possible to go up the existence of God and so he cannot be said to exist (Larson 83). I would opine that the doctrine contention aligns with the view that a benevolent God would hire no motive of creating a humanness of mixed happiness and sorrows. The Purusa takes an important place in the understanding of the Sankhya doctrine. The Sankhya offers that the Purusa is not caused (Collins 106). The Purusa is usually likened to consciousness. In roughly doctrines, consciousness is usually attached to the idea of the existence of a Supreme being. The Sankhya persuasion that the Purusa is not caused this instant contradict s the idea of the existence of a creator God. However, problems arise within the doctrine with the supposition that Purusa does not have any qualities. In my opinion, this view would imply that all beings are same. Such a thesis would refute the possibility of the existence of different fates for different actions as understood within the overall framework of the Karma. The position adds weight to some of the problems and contradictions that have been identified within the Sankhya doctrine with regard to the nature and qualities of the Purusa. The character of the Isvara fit in to the doctrine developed by the Sankhya is that he is not attached to the universe (Radhakrishnan 40 b). According to the Mimamsa doctrine, the Isvara does not provide the fruits of actions, which essentially distinguishes them from other doctrines that assign roles of reward and punishment to the deity (Radhakrishnan 22 b). Instead, the rewards or consequences of actions are purely depended on the actions of individuals. Good actions beget positive consequences, while bad actions bring about cast out consequences. The Mimamsa doctrine does not mention whether or not the Isvara created the universe (Radhakrishnan 19 b). In my view, I would refrain that the positions adopted by both doctrines acknowledge the fact of divine being but do not agree on his nature or tasks. In general terms, the Sankhya philosophical system is governed by the concept of dualism. The philosophy challenges the view of the God as central idea that controls the cause and destiny of humanity. The destiny of man, according to Mimamsa is certified on the actions and will of man in accordance with the Verdas (Radhakrishnan 74 a). In this sense, God is only a benevolent power that grants to human beings their due share in accordance with their character on earth. It is therefore important to consider the fact that the actions of man are integral in the destiny of the universe. The cultivation of genus Dama or se lf-control as a way of pursuing a virtuous and upright action (Radhakrishnan 13 b). Samkhya adopts the position that the harmony in the world is born out of the paradoxical dualities as argued by Sage Kapila. Samkhya philosophy is founded on the idea of harmony numerals. According to the terms of this philosophy the collection of elements and characteristics of things in the universe work to maintain some sense of balance between the systems. The underlying meaning in the Samkhya philosoph

New malaria 'poses human threat' Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

New malaria poses gay threat - Assignment ExampleP. knowlesi resembles the less serious P. malariae under microscopic inspection, but if not properly diagnosed, it bath be as deadly as dreaded malarial parasites like P. falciparum. Since P. knowlesi has the ability to reproduce every 24 hours in the blood, urgent medical treatment is needed in cases of infection, failing to which it can shape deadly. The research, headed by Professor Balbir Singh of University Malaysia Sarawak, involved testing over 150 affected roles with malaria infection admitted to hospital in Sarawak amongst July 2006 and January 2008. Their study revealed that more than two thirds of these infections were caused by P. knowlesi. Since the major symptom among patients infected with P. knowlesi was the low blood blood platelet count in them, doctors can take it as a lead to further diagnosis nevertheless in places where P. knowlesi is not yet detected to be the cause of malaria. Professor Balram suggests th at while treating a patient who had visited a place where P. knowlesi is detected to be the cause of malarial infections among humans, clinicians should be aware of the diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and rapid and potentially serious course of P. knowlesi malaria. The study throws light on the future possibilities of having to deal with new cordial of deadly

Effects of International Trade Barriers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effects of International Trade Barriers - Essay ExampleThis essay critically discusses why the government continues to impose barriers to raft and are frequently engaged in a trade dispute. In the past decades, the opening of the commercialises has boosted economic and trade growth worldwide. However, the trade barriers have remained a refer obstacle to the access of markets. Researchers have pointed out that the potential benefit of reducing the obstacle is significant.Countries engage in international trade for various reasons. First, international trade increases the choice of goods for the home(prenominal) consumers. It also allows the domestic market to export their goods. Trade barriers refer to the measures that the public authorities or the governments introduce so as to bound or prevent overseas investment or trade. The measures of the restriction need to be taken in the habitus of a particular decision or legislation. The measures that are imposed may take the form of current practice. When countries are important or exported from one country to another, they have to be accompanied by the correct documentationadoption of free international trade may result in the chip in of the domestic markets. There is a need to protect the domestic market to ensure that there is the sustainability of the domestic industries and encourage the innovation of ideas in the different countries. The trade barriers will reduce the trade disputes that may adopt up as a result of the poor working condition. The tariffs enable the government to increase revenues as imports enter the domestic market.

Engineering management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Engineering management - Coursework ExampleAll quality potency and quality assurance affairs including ISO certification and auditing fall under the responsibility of Director Quality Assurance. The entire network of demand and supplies is handled by the logistics while accounts and related administration tasks fall under purview of the theatre director administration.Crouch (2003) defined mission as organizations statement of purpose and vision as organizations statement of future position. The mission of the company is Produce highly reliable aviation parts for its customers. The companys vision is Be a leader in design, development and payoff of aviation parts. The core values of the company includeAccording to Balthazard and Cooke (2004), organizational tillages have constructive or negative effect on the efficiency of organization and employees. Handy (1976) identified four types of organizational cultures asPower Culture.The type of culture largely depends on power and i s determined by a key role figure (Struwig & Smith 2002). Here one or more individuals affect the workings(a) practices, management style and beliefs in the organization. Pretorius (2004) is of the view that many organizations exhibit power culture.Role Culture.The role culture is based on the job descriptions, rules, standard procedures and is bureaucratic in style. Pretorius (2004) describes such organizations working characterized by rules, procedures and job descriptions. According to Bredenkamp (2002), managers would depend on procedures, existing systems and defined roles of communication for making decisions and counterpoint resolution.Task Culture.In this type of culture, organization is project orientated (Struwig & Smith, 2002). Pretorius (2004) refer such culture as a project management team where emphasis is on accomplishment of assign tasks and getting results. soulfulness Culture.In this type of culture, an individual acts as the

Overview of Information Systems and Technology Essay

Overview of Information Systems and Technology - Essay ExampleThis paper presents a elaborate overview of byplay recognizement technologies for Riordan Manufacturing. Riordan Manufacturing Corporation is now expanding and, as a result, it requires an first-class culture technology base support for better management of its business. In fact, reading technology based solution (i.e. training system) is the but choice for this tolerant of business management. This paper outlines specifications of the new information system for Riordan Manufacturing. Business Technology necessarily and Solutions Riordan Manufacturing requires an information technology based solution to effectively manage its business trading operations. The company has different offices turn up at different locations. The business desires to expand the companys IT infrastructure by setting up the IT system in new office. The business likewise requires new technology based systems connectivity to main busines s head office. For this purpose they need a web based technology that could kick them to assess and manage the business using internet. In this paper, we suggest Riordan Manufacturing to implement a corporate management information system. This kind of information system rears an excellent support for the management of corporate operations and working. In addition, this business also needs to implement a secure communication arrangement. This business network for online communication and collaboration allow for be a Virtual Private Network (VPN). Management Information System Management information system (MIS) is a combination of software and hardware utilized to handle and process corporate info and information automatically. In fact, a management information system is implemented inside an organization to allow many individuals to access data and information simultaneously. In addition, the MIS mostly works behind the scenes, and the client friendship is infrequently concern ed or even aware of the procedures that are handled by the system (Schauland, 2012 Stair & Reynolds, 2003). MIS at Riordan Manufacturing This section of the paper discusses various uses of a management information system with respect to the business of Riordan Manufacturing. The business can implement an information system to allow its customers to place orders online. In addition, this system also offers an excellent support for the online payment of the bills for instance when a bill is aforethought(ip) to be paid. In this scenario, an MIS willing offer us data and information intended for the system to perform against specified plan of payment. The MIS then performs operations according to the payment plan when the suitable date comes near. Additionally, the computerized process will be performed by the information system to disburse the bill as demanded. Moreover, when the bills inside an online bill payment system are planned can be automatically paid, and clients do not need to offer additional details and information. For Riordan Manufacturing Corporation, MIS will offer an excellent support for managing and updating staff details and also their preferred processes to maintain vivacious systems and applying new technologies inside the firm. An information system can also be used to manage the information regarding available stock. In this scenario,

Should Health care in America be free Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Should Health care in America be free - Essay ExampleIn terms of employment, Healthcare sector employs more than 1.4 people of the U.S population. Proponents contest that an individuals right to health helps in reduction of overall healthcare expenditure that improves universe health, and curb any medical bankruptcies. These proponents support their argument by the assumption that no person in developed countries back survive without accessing healthcare services. However, opponents of entitlement of Americans to health care services are of the opinion that communism is created when revenue tax is used to endure healthcare services. Similarly, it is argued that availability and quality of health care is borderline among people who dedicate their time in getting medical coverage insurance. Therefore, despite the opponents opinions, Americas health care services should be free to its citizens in order to produce healthy citizens who can work in agricultural, production and indust rial sectors (Stossel and Andrew 12-14).Health care system in United States should be free because when it is not free, the country would be classified as having poorest health care services among industrialise countries. An evaluation of 27 high-income democratic members of the economic Co-operation and Development Organization shows that United States has the highest infant mortality direct alongside countries such as Slovakia and Hungary, which is attributed to costly health care system. In addition, in regards to life foretaste at birth, it is ranked in the 23rd position. Unlike other developed countries, United States does not provide its citizens with universal health coverage. Despite this, it ranked number one in per capita health care expenditures among the 193 public Health Organization member states. Its expenditures are estimated at $ 6, 719 per year. According to the WHO rankings, life expectancy in the U. S is seventy-eight thus it is ranked at number 31 in the wor ld. Similarly, among the 193 member state of WHO, it

The consequences of child abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The consequences of child abuse - Essay ExampleEven though thither are rules that are at protecting children, child abuse is still an enormous issue that plagues our time to come generation. Child abuse negatively affects the physical, mental, emotional and sexual condition of a child. However, there are solutions that are devised to fight child abuse. This article will scrutinize the various forms of child abuse and the solutions that can process solve this issue (Crozier, Hopper and Kolk, 2013).Child abuse can be in different forms. unitary of the virtually common child abuse methods is through physical abuse. corporal child abuse is the most noticeable form of child abuse. Physical child abuse is as the tangible suffering caused by physical molestation of a child. Physical injury can be enacted by kicking, biting, caning or even burning a child. Physical molestation can also be brought about by use of the improper discipline of a kid. For example, if a leaven regularly puni shes his/her child using hot methods that entail excessive caning or any other form of physical harm, then the parent has physically hurt his/her child. According to the USDHHS (United States Department of Health and Human Services), inappropriate discipline was the number star cause of physical abuse among children in the year 2007. It is not parents alone that can physically harm children. Children, especially in developing countries can suffer from physical molestation by other adults akin teachers. Most developing countries lack the legal framework in terms of rules and regulations that protect the children. Consequently, children are viciously disciplined in school and left with physical injuries. Some societies still dwell in the hop on that believed in the adage spare the rod, spoil your child. Often, most parents in these societies excessively punish their children. Physical child abuse can be detected by noticing physical injuries like cuts, bruises and broken bone (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2013).Another

Psycho-pharmacology review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psycho-pharmacology round - Research Paper ExampleWhen taken by pregnant women, the drug is known to cause several(a) birth defects. Studies reveal that sertraline is very effective in the addressment of some subtypes of depression and dread disorder but not in the intervention of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OKearney). Although the drug is used to treat social phobia and posttraumatic stress disorder, it leads to only modest improvement in these conditions. 2. Ritalin The generic call up of this drug is methylphenidate hydrochloride which is a central nervous system stimulant. Ritalin is used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. It is also used in the symptomatic management of narcolepsy. Ritalin can twist addictive. Some of the common stance effects of this drug include nervousness, agitation, anxiety or irritability, trouble quiescency (insomnia), loss of appetite, headache, stomach ache, nausea, dizziness and hear t palpitations. It is also known to cause some serious side effects like slowing of growth in children, seizures and eyesight changes or blurred vision. Although there is no information regarding the safety and effectiveness of long-term Ritalin treatment in children, it has been found to be very effective in the treatment of ADHD (St. Louis Psychologists and Counseling Information and Referral).

Sport Policy, Politics and Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sport form _or_ system of government, Politics and Ethics - Assignment Example44). Due to the importance of vaunt and benefits accruing from it, there are policies that have been developed at country, regional, and international level to provide framework in which sporting activities can take place. Policies are aimed at enhancing physical bodily function and participation in sport. However, it should be noted that policies of sport are highly influenced by sporting dynamics and shifting instruments and priorities of respective governments. Policy for sport is also aimed at promoting the interests of sport at local, sub-regional, regional, and international levels. Besides, development of sport policy has been inform by the realization that sport can be used as a means of delivering a wide range of policy aspirations such as local economic viability and health improvement among others (Bloyce and Smith, 2009, p. 101). performance of policy by for sport by governments is faced wit h various challenges and barriers. Implementation of sport policy is practically faced with barriers and challenges just like are the case with implementation of policy in other respects. sensation of the main challenges is declining participation among the population in sport. Studies show that participation in sport has been declining significantly in most countries despite its importance (Bodin and Sempe, 2011, p. 60). Particularly, it has been noted that the participation of those aged over 15 long time has dropped dramatically in recent years. Experts argue that this challenge in implementation of sport policy can be attributed to the fact that physical activities in the population has been declining especially after children have attained 12 years of age. The increased number of population suffering from obesity and overweight is a proof that physical activity has been declining. In addition, implementation of policy for sport has been faced with various barriers to access t hat is, there are barriers

Discussion questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Discussion questions - Essay Examplet is an abstraction of phenomena, a theory consolidates whole the variables that define the phenomena and outline the characteristic relationship between or among the variables.The above concept-theory aspects show that concepts and theories are intertwined. In opposite words, theories are built on concepts. Concepts lay the intromission upon which theories are stand uped. Concepts introduce the idea or phenomena in question but do not develop any variables or principles contained therein. With this foundation, theories capture the variables, principles and interests contained in the concepts and interrelates them prior to the development of the desired theory. When the principles and variables to the concepts are defined and their characteristic relationship outlined, then a theory is developed. That is to say, theories are basically formed from concepts (Walker & Avant, 2011). The link between concepts and theories is thence seen through wi th(predicate) the interdependence of each one of them to the other. A concept is not a theory, and on the other hand a theory results form a concept. This complementarity is the link between concepts and theories.Theories are visitationed through formulation, evaluation and assessment of hypotheses. A hypothesis is a statement that argues for or against a phenomenon. The interest is to test and ascertain which phenomenon is most appropriate and applicable to the theory being tested. In other words, null and substitute(a) hypotheses are stated in the context of the theory being tested. It is important to highlight that theories are tested to confirm or refute them. If proven true, theories are upheld. On the other hand, when proven false, they are refuted. speculation testing focuses on the variables that define the theory. The concepts that make up the theory are highlighted and the relationship between and among all the variables determined. In order to do this, the fact that the theory being tested is formulated from concepts is upheld. Data and

Buddhism and Hinduism in comparision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Buddhism and Hinduism in comparision - Essay ExampleIt highly reflects the prevailing mind at the time in which Japan took pride in its genius through the fields of religion, philosophy, art, and deep literature. While the fundamental color of brilliance is perceived through the coating to designate in counterpoise the simplicity of brightness through wood carving, the Hindu sculpture has, among the revered gods Vishnu, Shiva, Krishna, and some others, on the contrary been worked using stone or hard rock medium to enhance the proper locus of the aspects with light. A rare sculpture of Vishnu seated on a Naga coil under the five hoods of the snake in the grass idol is stone-made. Found at the Nithyakalyanaswamy temple at Thiruvidanthai, the statue is said to date from the Vijayanagara period during the 17th century. Contrary to the standing(a) position of the Bodhisattva of Compassion, Vishnu is depicted sitting in a relaxed posture to signify an aura of meditative senior high sc hool achieved. This Vishnu on Naga Coil is well-adorned as opposed to the plain appearance of the Buddhist sculpture. Being considered as the independent god in the Vaishnavite tradition of Hinduism, the symbolic statue reflects him as the all-pervading essence of all beings and this is a strong fusee for sculpting Vishnu in a manner that exhibits details rich in adornments and are defined under faultless human features, except for bearing four arms. Not having any earth-related object by him suggests how Vishnus acres is one that is severely distant from men and this further indicates no sign of humility unlike in the case of the bodhisattva. Though his divinity radiates opulence of things by which he could sustain and govern the universe as the Preserver, the sculpture seemingly lacks the essence of purity. In one of the modifications made for the structure of Vishnu with the same serpent deity, the presence of Lakshmi, his consort, heavily coated with bills altogether gives a manifestation of extreme wealth and power. Its profuse creation of curves and lines inlaid on the golden stone medium occur to characterize immortal stubbornness of authority and matter, transcending the significant idea behind misery or suffering, a major part in Buddhist principle of attaining pure divinity. Such design with Vishnu and similar Hindu gods mirrors the equivalent aspect in Indian culture of observing colorful festive traditions abounding in food, clothing, ceremonies, and other stuffs of various kinds. On the other hand, Though the Eleven-Headed Bodhisattva of Compassion primarily consists of wood, the sophisticated carvings and the countenance which appears to possess a blend of gold and bronze external coating, aimed to bring about a wholly essential color, suggests subtle prominence darn depicting the purpose of identifying a bodhisattva by nature. The smooth lines of the sculpture were fashioned such that the strokes exude a character with humble gesture, one with which no trace of rigidity can be detected. In the absence of conspicuous edges in its shape all throughout, the eleven-headed Kannon may be readily claimed to have been so advisedly brought to the gentlest of forms. Eleven-Headed Bo

Assessment of the Terrorist Threat of ISIS and AQAP Research Paper

Assessment of the Terrorist Threat of ISIS and AQAP - Research Paper ExampleISIS (the Islamic acres of Iraq and Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham, formally referred as the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Qaida in Iraq) was formed by Sunni basal Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in April 2004. The formation of this conclave was immediately followed by a declaration of its trueness to Usama Bin Ladin. Since its formation, ISIS has been constantly targeting both the coalition forces and the civilians using sophisticated tactics like VBIEDs (vehicle-borne improvised explosives devices), hostage execution and suicide bombers. This has been used to mount up pressure on foreign companies and countries to leave Iraq, admonish Iraqis from supporting the United States and the government of Iraqi and lastly to attract more cadre to its ranks. Al-Zarqawis was killed in June 2006 and in his place came Abu Ayyub al-Masri who changed it to the Islamic State of Iraq in October the same year. With support from another Iraqi home(a) called Abu Umar al-Baghdadi, this new group desire to politicize the groups terrorist actions and put an Iraqi face on their activities.In 2010, the leadership changed and Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi assumed the top leadership following the death of both Umar al-Baghdadi and Abu Ayyub al-Masri. Under his leadership, the group continued undertaking high-profile terror attacks across Iraq. Isil expanded its ranks via prison breaks and incorporation of fighters welcomed from the Syrian conflict. In 2013, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi openly declared the groups existence in Syria. All through its existence ISIL has had a sharp disagreement with al-Qaida o account of the ideological differences. This drift widens in the later years and culminated in advance(prenominal) 2014 by Al-Qaida disowning the relationship that had existed since 2004. Isil responded by declaring al-Qaida unfit for Usama Bin Ladins legacy and in turn stated its position as a better show of jihadists. In t he mid-June 2014, ISIL undertook major efforts that sought to overthrow Iraqi Government.

The Case of the Test Market Toss-up Essay Example for Free

The Case of the Test grocery store Toss-up EssayIn this case, the top management put the unseasoned frozen dessert honeyed fancy on ice however, the product manager felt it was not a correct closing and tried to persuade the top managers to reconsider. The caller-out of nirvana Foods didnt realize the nemesis on LaTreat and the opportunities on sweet-scented woolgather. They didnt embrace the concept of using analytical securities industrying research based on computer technologies as the premise of the right decision. The issues are1. The research data on Sweet Dream seemed to steal the share from LaTreat. 2.The top managers didnt really understand the implicateing of the analytical numbers which crown got from the foodstuffing research and only considered that the return was low so that decided to stop Sweet Dream and try another new concept. 3. The company didnt recognize the threat on LaTreat and the chance of Sweet Dream observance has cleared up the data th at the sales of LaTreat was only on promotion and was provoke in persuading the committee to continue Sweet Dream. The company should put the position of LaTreat in perspective and cite the different positioning of LaTreat and Sweet Dream.According to the Product Life Cycle, LaTreat has already been in the reach of maturation and the company should launch a new product or exploit a new market to make more profit. Moreover, the company should castigate the promotion of LaTreat in case that the strategy of demean prices would ruin the value of the brand. In contrast, the product manager should do a simple and well-heeled catch report to the top managers because of the communications difficulties and related misunderstandings. LaTreat was the first super premium in the Paradise Foods history.As more and more new entrants enter the frozen specialties market, the competition has stiffened. The demand of LaTreat is getting saturation, so the market needs another new product, or the sales would be down sooner or later. The 18 months trial of Sweet Dream has gotten a considerable data that Sweet Dream would be a promising product. If Paradise Foods cuts down this new product, other companies forget bourgeon over it and make it a significant profit which will make for the share of Paradise Foods.LaTreat and Sweet Dream were different products that the ingredients and functions are different. Although there was whatsoever shifting from LaTreat to Sweet Dream, the two products are not the cannibalization that if Sweet Dream is confront to the present market which would be the product development strategy or if it is facing to the new market which would be the diversification strategy. Besides, the company had used the inappropriate promotion which brought the customers into the price-sensitive types that would decrease the value of brand and the loyalists.Paradise Foods has used the advanced computer-based research services to do the marketing analysis of Swe et Dream and it likewise has planned two different areas with different advertising and promotion strategies. However, the Sweet Dream product manager, Bill has made a complex report in 40 pages which has lead to the little interest and perseverance for the top managers to read and understand and the committee only see that Sweet Dream didnt modernize the revenues they want.Furthermore, Bill hasnt analyzed the situation of LaTreat at the beginning which would make the top managers recognize the threat of LaTreat and support the necessary and feasibility of the new product. Besides, if the company wants to try another concept of the new product, it will take more period than Sweet Dream which will let another competitor seduce the first chance. In addition, the promotion in LaTreat has made it be a price-sensitive product and the company has unploughed the profits and sales by shifting print and TV money into coupons and rebates which was not a long-term strategy.There are two alternatives to deal with this case. One alternative is to accept the decision made by the top management shut down Sweet Dream, try another new concept and adjust the promotion strategy of LaTreat. Changing the promotion of LaTreat would make the product life cycle longer in order to keep it in making profits. However, trying another new concept will take a long time to realize and it has the indeterminate potential risk to success or failure. Besides, the time is also another key to be successful that the longer it takes, the more risk it will be defeated.The other alternative is to make another report combined with the analytical research of LaTreat in an easy understanding way in order to make sure the top managers know what the numbers mean and do the best to persuasive the top managers to reconsider. Because it did well in Midland and Pittsfield and it just needs some adjustments that will be successful. Moreover, it saves time and start another profit line in Paradise Foods. The company should choose the latter alternative. Sweet Dream is not a totally failure and it did well in Midland and Pittsfield.In contrast, LaTreat is tiring out and is only surviving on promotions in addition, the loyalists of LaTreat were shrinking. LaTreat is a enervating brand while, sweet dream would be a strong brand if it is allowed to survive. The company can take three steps to measure the success of Sweet Dream. First of all, it should meet the hurdle rate at heart six months. Moreover, it should take some proportion of Paradise Foods and also reach the level which can be compared with the level of LaTreats profits. Finally, the proportion of Sweet Dream and LaTreat has been changed that Sweet Dream makes more profits than LaTreat.

Virgin America Essay Example for Free

virgin the States EssayWith the foundation of virtuous Records in 1970, The gross(a) assemblage is one of worlds largest melodic atmosphere entities, which in 2009 comprised 300 companies under its structure, in businesses as diverse as space travel, mobile telephony, transportation, travel, financial services, media, music and fitness. The image and enculturation of the stark(a) concourse is tied to the image and personality of its founder Sir Richard Branson. The clubs fundamental values foster many of the dimensions of gloss, which argon highly internalized within the organization. Mr.Branson realizes the potential and splendour of those who work for him and therefore creates a structure, which is decentralized, through empowering his employees and providing them with autonomy. This paper aims at providing a critical view all over the complete(a) Groups corporate strategy, in terms of strategic thinking and diversification, as easy as a closer look at the busi ness strategy of one of the Groups businesses, the pure(a) America. The virtuous Group is a company that encourages employees to use their awareness to make decisions rather than the touchstone quo.Because of the companys corporate cultivation and structure, Virgin has successfully forecasted possible issues and has dealt with them in a measurely manner. Many other(a) organizations move over a baronialized structure and the Virgin Group is anything but formal and other companies may look at this as an area of concern but not for Sir Richard Branson, the ways he communicates and the way he leads is testament to why he and his companies are very successful and Virgin America will fol small suit. Virgin AmericaOne of the most recognized name in the world, Virgin, created in 1970 by Sir Richard Branson a leading venture capital organization, is one of the worlds most recognized and prize organizations in the business enterprise. The Virgin Group is a diversified grouping of m ore than 300 privately held companies, employing approximately 50,000 people, in 30 countries. Revenues around the world in 2009 exceeded 18 billion (http//www. virgin. com/ about(predicate)-us/). The Virgin Group has cash in ones chips one of the most successful businesses in industries ranging from mobile telephony, transportation, travel, financial services, media, music and fitness.Of Virgins 300-plus companies, the majority are operating companies that own assets, employ people, and offer goods and services. These operating companies are owned and controlled by about 20 holding companies most of these own several operating companies within the same line of business. For example, Virgin Travel Limited owns Virgin Groups investments in Virgin Atlantic, Virgin Blue, Virgin America, and SN Air holdings. Overall ownership of most of the Virgin Group lies in the hands of Virgin Group Investments Limited a private company registered in the British Virgin Islands.The corporate strat egy of the Virgin Group is to operate like a venture capital firm based on the Virgin discolouration. This strategy involves diversification at the individual business unit level and meanwhile, collaborations are created from ranked relationships and the interaction of the corporate head office with individual business units. By leveraging the Virgin tick which has established a reputation in the customer minds of the unique Virgin culture and alike allows Virgin to break into new markets and execute its ventures very effectively.Virgin Atlantic Airways is the largest of the Virgin companies and the number two air passage in the linked Kingdom, with this said Mr. Branson wanted to branch out of the UK to build his skyway image to the United States. In 2007, San Francisco became the headquarters for Virgin America.Virgin America which has flown mostly trans-continental routes in the U. S. since its launch in 2007, has grow to Canada with flights to Toronto and plans to begin service to Mexico. Sir Richard Branson vision was to have a topnotch service (http//www. irgin. com/company/virgin-america/), for the U. S travelers, with the stupendous service that is known on Virgin Atlantic flights. It has not been an easy road to agitate into the airline industry in the United States. Because of The Federal Aviation Act of 1938, which restricts foreign ownership of domestic airlines, Mr. Branson would had to match with some other(prenominal) American carrier, example southwestward Airlines and would have to turn over the business to the American carrier. overdue to this, he eventually waited until the laws could change into his favor which it did not and decided to follow another avenue. He viewed some finance options that would be enough to satisfy the laws about foreign ownership restrictions. There were other American domestic airlines that viewed Virgin as a threat and tried to block the certification. This lasted for a year and half with Virgin Ameri ca planes parked and not being flown. It was measure and money being wasted because of the affright from the domestic carriers that Virgin may take some of their travel customers.Sir Richard Branson had some laws and policy-making warfare passing game against him and his Virgin Group because of fear of being challenged and to enter a market dominated by U. S carriers. The Virgin Group sent many of millions of dollars in lawsuits, time and man power to establish a foothold into the U. S territory. Sir Richard Branson has a charismatic style and talent which is a strength that other companies are uncapable to reproduce, and which describes the Virgin label. The Virgin culture is what Sir Richard Branson has built over decades and that distinguishes the work environment within Virgin Group from other companies.It is a culture that is not looking for clones, that is like a family and is one that requires employees to have the Virgin Flair. (Branson, 2010) Because of these qualities which have created a corporate culture that is unlike in any organization and has become the way at The Virgin Group. Sir Richard Bransons personality is the culture at Virgin and like he mentions and has been heard before from other leaders yet he is the only one that adheres to this motto that a companys employees are its greatest asset, particularly in service-based operations where your people are your product.You here this all the time in many organizations and yet you have cultures that are in flux with circumspection, you hear many complaints from the social movement line to mid-level managers that do not trust or believe the upper management. but you can also say the same from the Executive level that the employees are not listening, what this is, is poor communication, the leader has to establish the culture for the company and Sir Richard Branson has done this time and time again, with over 300 companies.With Virgin America coming to the U.S, the culture is going to be one that will challenge the likes of Southwest Airlines where the culture of this airline is fun and exciting. Sir Richard Branson dialogue about the Virgin culture and provides an example that when building a new cabin for one of their aircraft that he invites certain departments from inception so they work together so they all can be trusty for the failure or success of the new project. This also invites all to ask questions as a police squad so everyone input is valid and that which makes the endeavor more enjoyable and the work fun.Its all about communication, no matter what the culture is and in the Virgin companies its all about customer service, and in the U. S, Mr. Branson will know that Americans are a low context culture that communication is important and is precise. The culture barriers will be minimal for Virgin America since California has a diverse cultural background. why did Sir Richard Branson want to enter in the United States especially the low cost airline i ndustry?Virgin Atlantic is an international company that has flights all around the world but not based in the U.S. and with the heavy hitters of the airline industry, example, Delta, United, and Continental, Sir Richard wanted to get into the business that he sees that could be successful like Southwest Airlines. But like this paper mentions, this has been fraught with challenging issues and times (current economic conditions) and the time and money of negotiating with lawyers and political upheaval from other airlines. The goal of Virgin America is to provide the exceptional customer service and the brand of the Virgin name to the United States.In 2010, Virgin America had yet another setback, trying to get a gate at one of the busiest airports in the country, Chicago Ohare. Now the new low cost airline will be looking towards to Dallas, this is a blow to the many Americans looking for another option to flying in and out of Chicago and all because of the two major airlines United a nd American who control more than 90% of the gates. (Low-cost airlines would land for city-owned gates. 2010).I believe its a waiting game, another carrier, JetBlue had to wait of over year to get a gate at the OHare airport, industry will be the key to Virgin America and that does not bode well with Sir Richards standards even though he has played this game for some time. What Virgin America can do is work with other cities that are willing to work and make the financial numbers feasible for both parties and in time gate availability for Chicago OHare will eventually be available. The Virgin Group organizational structure is quite complex, with over 300 companies that operate in all unique industries.But all of these companies fall under the Virgin brand. The brand is similar or identical within from each one separate operation. This image is one of quality and innovation and by creating an exceptional brand the company is able to create a high level of loyalty within its custome r base. The diversity of businesses operated by Virgin Group helps the company maintain a high level of loyalty in many varied industries. With the Virgin America company, this would fall under the Virgin Travel umbrella, (see chart) and would have a separate management hierarchal structure, almost like a franchise organization.Referenceshttp//www.virgin.com/about-us/http//blogs.wsj.com/middleseat/2010/08/11/sir-richard-is-finally-linking-together-the-virgin-airlines/

Rufino Blanco-Fombona Essay Example for Free

Rufino Blanco-Fombona EssayRufino Blanco-Fombona, (b. June 17, 1874, Caracas, Venezuelad. October 17, 1944, Buenos Aires, Argentina), Venezuelan literary historian and man of letters who played a major role in bringing the plant of Latin the Statesn writers to world attention. Jailed during the early years of the dictatorship (190835) of Juan Vicente Gomez, Blanco-Fombona fled to Europe, where he established tower America in Madrid (1914), which presented Latin American writers to the European literary world. A prolific author, he wrote poetry,short stories, novels, and essays.Of Blanco-Fombonas vast output, his literary essays are considered his best work. Two of hiscritical works, El modernismo y los poetas modernistas (1929 Modernism and the Modernist Poets) and Camino de imperfeccion, diario de mi vida (19061913) (1929 Road of Imperfection, Diary of My Life 19061913), are considered standard works on the Modernist movement in Spanish. opposite important works include Letra s y letrados de Hispano-America (1908 Letters and the Learned in Latin America) andGrandes escritores de America (1919 Great Writers of America). His novel, El hombre de oro (The Man of Gold), was published in 1912.

Face-to-Face Communication Is a Better Way of Communication Essay Example for Free

Face-to-Face Communication Is a Better Way of Communication EssayImagine that your spectator keeps talking to you through telephone, the Internet or letters and refuses to meet you face to face even for a meal, what will you do? If I were you, I must be get crazy But things alike this often happen in nowadays society. With the develop manpowert of discourse industry, people be getting use to various so-called fast ways of communication.Personally, however, no matter how fast and convenient those some other(a) communication modes rouse be, I think we should never abandon the most original way of communication face to face communication, which is more(prenominal) vivid, interactive and easier for us to promote relationships with others. Face-to-face communication mickle affect it more athletics and vivid to talk to others, be induct it contains much more nonverbal languages than other ways of communication. When you talk to a soulfulness face to face, you make eye con tacts with each other, by which both of you can exchange your inside emotions.Furthermore, by observing the someones gestures, you can also dope out his someonealities and decide what kind of person he is. And maybe the least important one is that, as the old saying goes, all men search for beauty, you can view the appearance of the person you ar talking to, which might cause you rub out the birth of love if both of you are satisfied with each others appearance. All of these make it attachable for us to feel the person we are talking to is a authoritative and touchable individual.There are times when you have to deliver exact information to other people, and at such times face-to-face communication will be your first choice, because it creates an interactive and efficient conversation. Firstly, when you are talking to a person face to face, both of you can raise questions about anything you cant understand, so that the other person involved can explain it clearly in time, which contributes a slew to eliminate the misunderstandings and barriers of your communication.Secondly, a persons tone and voice can suggest his present mood, which can make it easier for you to perceive his subtle changes of emotion. Finally, in face to face communication, you can tell whether the words the person spoke are authentic through observing his facial expression , which can also view that the person you are talking to is a faithful one. All of these can make your talking more successful and efficient especially when you are negotiating with someone. Maybe the biggest advantage of face-to-face communication s that it can deepen your relationship with others, because it can kill the distance among people.When communicating face to face, you can see the grin on the persons face, which will make you feel warm and kind you can hale each other when youre getting excited and even a handshake can make you feel the respect from the other person. All that can make you get closer t o each other, which may be hardly made attachable by communicating through telephone or e-mail. For instance, we are far away from home as college students, even if we call our parents almost everyday, we still feel wishful and lonely.Why? Because telephone can never make us feel as close as meeting each other face to face. And so does it among friends, if we dont meet each other face to face as often as possible, we will soon feel that our relationships are getting cold. In conclusion, with all factors taken into consideration, I totally agree that face to face communication is give away than any other type of communication. Now, try to communicate with people face to face and you will cause it more colorful and efficient than calling others through telephone or greeting each other just by sending an e-mail

The Conquest Of Mexico Essay Example for Free

The Conquest Of Mexico EssayThe Spaniards, in the oppression of the Mexican people, relied just as heavily on chance and luck as they did on their on their skills on diplomacy and military prowess. The sicknesses that the Spaniards brought over with them in addition to the political occurrence that the Mexica had established with their neighbors is what sincerely brought well-nigh the downf both of the great Mexican civilizations. In addition to these factors there was also the fact that up to this point in history the Americas have had very little in the way of contact from the extraneous world and consequently had next to no knowledge of the civilizations across the sea. When they first encountered the Spanish Conquistadors they held the belief that they were from the gods and that Cortez was the spiritual rebirth of one of their gods and as oftentimes(prenominal) welcomed them with open arms. When you take into consideration all of the factors mentioned above you will receive that the conquest of Aztecs and other Native American civilizations by the Spanish was accomplished by three major(ip) factors diplomacy, military prowess, and no small amount of luck. The first of those factors is the infirmitys that the Europeans brought across the Atlantic with them.The most notable disease that caused the majority of the deaths among the Native American people was the pestilence of smallpox. An account of just how devastating smallpox was among a populace whose immune systems had no prior experience with or any way to combat European diseases can be found in book twelve of the Florentine Codex. Before the Spaniards came to us, first an pestiferous broke out, a sickness of pustules. It began in Tepeilhuitl. Large bumps spread on people some where exclusively covered. They spread everywhere, on the face, the head, the chest, etc.The disease brought great desolation, a great many died of it. (Lockh stratagem, 1993, 190) The account goes on to pull in th e horrors that the disease had left behind in the lives of those who were lucky enough to survive. Many of the survivors had been left horribly frighten or even blinded if they were unlucky enough for the disease to spread into their eyes. The main reason that these diseases had much(prenominal) a devastating effect on the natives and not on the Spaniards is the fact that the natives had very little in the way of domesticated animals.The Europeans had for thousands of years been in possession of a great many domesticated animal, such as pigs, horses, chickens, and cows, and it is these animals that are usually the incubators and carriers of a great many deadly diseases. Since the Europeans had been around them for so ample their immune systems had adapted to the situation and were able to combat the diseases. The Aztecs had no such advantage. The deadly diseases of Europe were something alone new to them and their immune systems had no way to combat them.The Spaniards had no com punctions about taking advantage of the situation in their conquest of Mexico. Another huge factor that the Spanish had in their favor was the tiptop tools that they had at their disposal and huge advantage that the weapons gave them in battle. The Aztec people were severely limited in the type of weapon that they could wield in battle due to the simple fact that their civilization had never discovered the art of metallurgy which Europe had discovered long prior. The weapons that they created were made from wood and stone.One such weapon that the majority of the Aztec state of warriors had in their possession is described in the book titled Victors and Vanquished. Their primary weapon was a kind of wooden sword set with obsidian blades designed for slashing and incapacitating rather than killing an opponent. (Schwartz 2000 11) The weapons of the Aztec warriors were all similar to that in that they were designed to incapacitate instead of kill. The full(a) reason for the Aztecs to be at war was the capture of prisoners that they could make to their gods. The Spaniards were not like that.Their weapons were designed for one purpose, to kill. Many of those weapons, such as the musket or crossbow, had a much greater range than any of the weapons that the natives could field in battle and they had no answer at all to the power of the Spaniards canons. The one factor that made all of every weapon that the Spaniards had at their disposal superior to any Aztec weapon is the simple fact that they were made of steel. There was one obstacle that the Conquistadors had that would prevent them from provoke the Aztecs even with their superior weaponry.That aforementioned obstacle was the fact that the Spanish only numbered in the hundreds while the Aztecs had their entire civilization backing them. The way that they were able to overcome that obstacle was through the art of diplomacy. The constant invasions and taking of prisoners by the Aztecs for their valet sacrifi ces had earned them many enemies among their neighbors. When Spain began its exploration of the new world those very same neighbors adage their chance to finally bring about the destruction of their oppressors.An example of this can be found in a Spanish account of the invasion of Chapultepec. The war was sustained fiercely on both sides, since on our side we had the help of many Tlaxacalan warriors (Aguilar, 1993, 196) The constant warfare and human sacrifice that the gods of the Aztecs demanded of them had finally helped to bring about the downfall of that great civilization. There was no one thing that brought about the downfall of the Mexican people. It was a conglomeration of events that finally toppled the great civilizations.The sicknesses and plaques that the Europeans brought over with them played no small part. The way in which the natives waged war was also a significant factor. The factor that really broke the back of the Aztecs was the constant need for human sacrifice. In their dealings with their neighbors they had created the foundation that Spaniards used for the negotiating of allies in the conquest of Mexico. In this collision of 2 previously separate worlds it was the Spanish who came out as the victor and the Aztecs as the vanquished.

Hedge funds Essay Example for Free

outsmart blood lines EssayIn order to mitigate understand how dishearten funds played a role in the upstart crisis affecting the pecuniary foodstuff, it is important to origin understand how put over funds work. hedge funds are similar to mutual funds in that money is pooled from investors and then invested in selected monetary instruments in order to gain a positive return. Hedge funds however are not monitored by the Securities and telephone exchange Commission since the securities they issue are considered as private offerings. In order to get the maximum return for their investors, hedge funds a great deal lock strategies like investing in ventures that have heights risk. One way of doing this is through derivatives. Derivatives are financial instruments that gets if values from the value of a particular underlying asset like bonds, exchange rates and commercial real estate loans. Another way that hedge funds determine good returns is by employing the strate gy of arbitrage. This is in reality just exploiting the pricing inefficiencies with respect to certain relate assets. A hedge fund for workout can buy shares of a company from one exchange and then sell them to another which ensures mesh. divagation from the strategies it implements, hedge funds typically lawsuit large risks themselves. This is because hedge funds are super leveraged. Hedge funds borrow money that is greater than what was originally invested. It is not unusual therefore for a hedge fund to borrow $20 for every $5 that it gets from an investor. So how does all this fit in the recent crisis faced by the financial market? In order to answer that, one has to look at how subprime lending works. The basic premise of subprime lending is to provide loans to people who are not qualified to obtain them in the first place.These borrowers did not qualify due to some factors like credit history and income level, to cause a few. In the past, when banks loaned money, it was the one who faced the possibility of default termed as a credit risk. received practices in the financial market however have allowed banks to sell these mortgage payments as well as the credit risk involved to investors. This method is k directn as securitization. As a result, instead of having to face the credit risk alone, banks are now able to spread these risks to a large number of investors.The paradox arose when lenders, who had initially obtained loans on the idea that they would be able to refinance them on more favorable terms, were now faced with higher interest rates. Consequently, prices of real estate dropped which lead to foreclosures and defaults. As a result, banks and other financial institutions were faced with losses leading to the financial crisis. Now as the banks continued to distribute the credit risks, these investment were considered high risk and high yield. Which of course made them lucrative for hedge funds.Thus as the risks related to these securiti es increased, it made them more viable to be placed with investors that had high leverage. Hedge funds became a belike source of investors since beingness unregulated, they had no need for capital requirements. Thus when these funds were otiose to sell the subprime mortagages, in particular since they were hoping to only hold it for a short prison term, they went out of business which actually contributed to the crisis. To get a better picture, let us look at two strategies employed by hedge funds already mentioned earlier. First is derivatives, particularly credit default swaps.Credit default swaps, or CDS as they are often called, are insurance contracts that are use to protect bondholders in the likelihood of default. CDS are considered as nonpartisan contracts since a company that incurs a loss will be able to gain a profit somewhere else ensuring that there is no actual loss. Recent market practices however have allowed CDS to be used either speculatively or even as insur ance to a specific credit risk. The bother thus arose when there was uncertainty as to who would pay for these losses. Such was the case with Lehman Brothers.Hedge funds, which are highly leveraged to start with, put investments in Lehman. It is possible that due to these investments, Lehman was also able to invest in CDS. When Lehman was unable to sell its CDS, it was eventually forced to file for bankruptcy. Another practice of hedge funds that could have contributed to the crisis is securitization. The market practice of allowing securitization also allowed the banks to put the debt that is associated with these same securities into SIVs or structured investment vehicles. SIVs are considered as entities that are in off-balance sheets.Because of these status, the increase in risk meant and increase in yield. Hedge funds therefore were drawn to these since by not being in the books, the requirement for capital reserve was circumvented. Former Federal confine Chairman Alan Greens pan is even quoted to have said that it was the securitization and not the loan that was the cause of the crisis. While we can fold that hedge funds contributed to the current financial crisis, they are not the sole factor and possibly not the originator. Hedge funds by themselves also have positive impacts on the market.Because of their strategy of having arbitrage, they are actually helping reduce or even eliminate the mispricing that is currently prevalent in the markets. Despite being highly leveraged, hedge funds can actually provide the needed liquidity for companies. This was seen when the hedge fund Cerberus bought the ailing Chrysler company allowing for jobs to be saved. The practice of hedge funds investing in high risk investment have become a good source of risk transfer as well as diversification. While the crisis may not signal the end of hedge funds, only time will tell if they are truly a help to the market or a mistake.References U. S. Securities and Exchange Comm ission. Hedging Your Bets A Heads Up on Hedge Funds and Funds of Hedge Funds. Retrieved November 8, 2008, from http//www. sec. gov/answers/hedge. htm Research RECAP. (2007, celestial latitude 21). Role of Hedge Funds in Subprime Crisis Examined. Retrieved November 8, 2008, from http//www. researchrecap. com/index. php/2007/12/21/role-of-hedge-funds-in-subprime-crisis-examined/ Federal Reserve Bank of recent York. (2004, November 17). Hedge Funds and Their Implications for the Financial System. Retrieved November 8, 2008, from http//www. ny. frb. org/newsevents/speeches/2004/gei041117. html/

Rituals and festivals Essay Example for Free

Rituals and festivals EssayRituals and festivals have been a part of traditional European life for adult maley course of studys. They involved all religions, social classes and happened in almost all areas by dint ofout Europe. spikelet in these times, there were no forms of entertainment like television, cell ph angiotensin converting enzymes and video games. People depended on one a nonher to entertain themselves.People in Europe would also be punished or torture in front of the whole town to control public outbursts. An example of this is cheatn as charivari. whatsoever of these festivals and religious rites were for political purposes too. Festivals and rituals of traditional European society mainly served as enjoyment, obligatement of public rules, and political purposes in daily life. Festivals and rituals were a type of fun and entertainment for Europeans. In a painting by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, it shows a view of Europeans at a carnival, enjoying the days to begin with Lent.Usually the days before lent battalion louse up themselves with alcohol. In the painting, it shows a man wearing a robe with a bucket as a crown of thorns and a stick as his cane. Jesus Christ is being mocked by representing the violence of Lent. This shows that the people are just enjoying the carnival because they are mocking their ruler (Wikipedia).The picture also shows people course around with drinks and food and also playing games with each other (Doc. 3). In a document by R. Lassels, a French traveler, he stimulants on Italian Carnival customs. He states All this festival operation is allowed the Italians that they whitethorn give a little vent to their spirits, which have been stifled for a whole year and are ready to choke with gravity and melancholy (Doc. 5). Since Lassels is from France, it means he really does not know Italians.So the fact that he said that the Italians really enjoy festivals is true because he could tell when he saw them at the carnival since he does not really know them (POV). In a comment made by Baltasar Rusow, a Lutheran pastor, he talks astir(predicate) the saints banquet day festival. In one part of his comment, he states Around these bonfires people danced, sang and leapt with great pleasure, and did not spare the bagpipes (Doc. 2).This iterate shows that the Europeans were enjoying the festival. Baltasar Rusow is a Lutheran pastor, so since it was the saints day feast, he probably was there so he saw first-hand how happy the Europeans actually were (POV). Festivals and rituals let Europeans for make for all the toughened and have fun with each other. When someone did something wrong in a town, the whole closure would start and punish them too. In astang claim from Lincolnshire England, they talked about a man who beat his wife and what they did to him.The song reads Old Abram Higback has been beating his good woman but he neither told her for what or for why, but he up with his fist, and bla ckened her eye. Now all ye old women, and old women kind, get together and be of a mind collar him and take him to the out-house, and shove him in. Now if that does not mend his manners, then take his clamber to the tanners (Doc. 9). This shows that if one person is in trouble or was being abused, the whole town would help you get payback. If there were no rituals then he would have gotten a elbow room with it. There were also rituals such as charivari that punished Europeans for crimes.Charivari is also known as riding stang. A Russian ordained wrote about a woman who was ill after her punishment. He stated A village policemen brought her before the village assembly, where they hung on her neck the basket of berries she had gathered, and the entire commune led her through the village streets with shout, laughter, songs, and spring to the noise of washtubs, frying pans, and bells (Doc. 10). Since the man was the officer that wrote the report, he may have been bias because he may have stretched the truth to make the situation worse than it actually was (POV). If there was not any ritual of punishment, the lady may have done it again.It shows the rest of the people what will happen to them if they commit a similar crime. Punishments for offenses and crimes were often public and embarrassing. Charivari was a very scary thing for a person. Elizabeth Gaskell, an incline author, talked about a woman who forced to ride stang after abusing the other sex. She said They hunt the flea-bitten and mount her on their horse astride with her face to the tail. So they parade her through the nearest village or town, drowning her scolding and clamour with the noise of frying pans, just as you would scare a rain cats and dogs of bees (Doc. 8).The purpose of riding was embarrassment. It makes an impact on the suspect and the rest of the town. This allowed the people in the town to enforce laws.Europeans also used rituals and festivals to help support political ideas. A man n amed Giovanni di Carlo, a Dominican monk, wrote about when rich fathers and their sons would switch positions so the sons will know what to do when they are older. Giovanni says their very sons had put on their clothes and the sons had learned all of their gestures, copying each and every one oftheir actions and habits in an admirable way (Doc. 1). The sons learn everything about their father, even the clothes they wear.It gives the father a chance to know what the sons go through and the sons to know how their fathers lives are. If this ritual was not in place, then the sons wouldnt know what to ask when they are older or they wouldnt have been able to bond with their dad. Henry Bourne, a man from Great Britain, commented on the rituals in the Scilly Islands. Henry states The servant and his master are alike and everything is done with an couple freedom (Doc. 6).Since Henry is not from Scilly Bourne, he does not know for sure if the servants are treated fairly, do his point bias (POV). This quote shows that the king treats his servant like family because it is a ritual. A police quizzer from Toulouse, France showed that certain festivals or arguments had a specific goal. The police officer said When a royalist widower of the Couteliers neighborhood remarried, he began receiving raucous visits night after night. Most people who took too active a part were sent to the police court.But that sort of prosecution was not very intimidating (Doc. 7). This quote is saying that people really respect rituals and customs and if someone is going to break them they will be punished. People really cared about rituals and used festivals and punishment to show that they need to be followed.Festivals and rituals of traditional European society mainly served as enjoyment, enforcement of public rules, and political purposes in daily life.

Parle Products History Essay Example for Free

Parle Products History EssayThe original Parle Company was split into common chord separate companies, own by the different factions of the original Chauhan family. Parle Products, led by Vijay, Sharad and Anup Chauhan (owner of the brands Parle-G, Melody, Mango Bite, Poppins, Monaco and KrackJack) Parle Agro, led by Prakash Chauhan and his daughters Schauna, Alisha and Nadia (owner of the brands such as Frooti and Appy) Parle Bisleri, led by Ramesh Chauhan In 1929 a keen fraternity by the anatomy of Parle products emerged in british dominated India at Parle, worlds largest selling cookies started in vile parle. It was owned by the Chauhan family of Vile Parle, Mumbai. The intent was to spread joy and cheer to children and adults alike, ever soy over the country with its sweets and candies. The play along knew that it wouldnt be an easy task, but they decided to take the brave step . a small factory was set up in the suburbs of Mumbai, to manufacture biscuits as well. sinc e then, the parle name has grown in all directions, won international fame and has been sweetening peoples lives all over India and abroad.A part from the factories in Mumbai and Bangalore Parle overly has factories in Bahadurgarh in Haryana and Neemrana in Rajasthan, which are the largest biscuit and confectionery plants in the country. Additionally, Parle products also have 7 manufacturing units and 51 manufacturing units on contract. AWARDS Since the first entry at the monde alternative in 1971,parle products have been shinning in golds and silver systematically Monde selection is an international institute for assessing the fictitious character of foods Currently, it is the oldent and the most respected organization in the field of selecting quality foods worldwideABOUT THE COMPANY Initially a small factory was set up in the suburbs of Mumbai city, to manufacture sweets and toffees. The year was 1929 and the market was dominated by famous international brands that were impor ted freely. Despite the odds and unequal competition, this company called Parle Products, survived and succeeded, by adhering to high quality and improvising from time to time . A decade later, in 1939, Parle Products began manufacturing biscuits, in addition to sweets and toffees. Having already established a reputation for quality, the Parle brand name grew in susceptibility with this diversification.Parle Glucose and Parle Monaco were the first brands of biscuits to be introduced, which later went on to become leading names for great taste and quality. For most 75 years, Parle have been manufacturing quality biscuits and confectionery products. Over the years Parle has grown to become a multimillion-dollar company with many of the products as market leaders in their category. The recent introduction of Hide Seek deep brown chip biscuits is a product of innovation and caters to a new taste, being Indias first ever chocolate-chip biscuits.All Parle products are manufactured un der most hygienic conditions. Great care is exercised in the selection and quality control of raw material and standards ensured at every stage of the manufacturing process. Parle Products has 4 manufacturing units for biscuits and confectionaries at Mumbai, Haryana, Rajasthan and Karnataka. It also has 14 manufacturing units for biscuits 5 manufacturing units for confectioneries, on contract. All these factories are located at strategic locations, so as to ensure a constant output easy distribution.Today, Parle enjoys a 40% share of the total biscuit market and a 15%share of the total confectionary market, in India. The marketing mix of Parle for this project has been study from the point of view of Parle biscuits mainly Parle-G and Parle hide seek. Biscuit goodies Parle G, Krackjack, Krackjack Crispy Creams, Monaco, Kreams, Hide andSeek, Hide Seek Milano, digestive Marie, Parle Marie, Milk Shakti, Parle20-20 Cookies, Nimkin Sweets Melody, Mango Bite, Kaccha Mango Bite, Poppi ns, Kismi Toffee, KismiGold, Orange Candy, XHale Munch on snacks Musst Bites, Monaco Bites Cheeslings, Sixer, Musst Stix Musst Chips

Comparison of strategy of Nike and Adidas Essay Example for Free

semblance of schema of Nike and Adidas Essay1.0 IntroductionJohnson, Scholes and Whittington (2005, p.9) defines schema as the way in which an arranging plans to purpose its resources effectively in hostel to gain a warring advantage over the long term. In other words the cargonfully planned guidelines that cheeks find out, which differentiates them from other tack togetherments. Mirow (2005,p.10) suggests that scheme of Amazon.com,Inc., a multinational electronic commerce company headquartered in Seattle, condenseed on providing customers with low price, wash room and a wide selection of merchandise. They focused on this strategy and started their website in 1995 as an online book retailer. They soft expanded their products and are currently an online shopping website with the largest product supplies online earning r stock-stillues in billions. Hence we can see how grand strategy is for the success of an organisation. There are three levels of strategy, which ar e corporate level, businesslevel and operational level strategy.Strickland and Thompson (2003, pp.50, 55 and 56) suggests that the corporate level strategy is the strategy which is determines the over e really purpose and prospect of an organisation and reflects on how to add value to different parts of the organisation. The business level strategy provides guidelines on how to forbiddenmatch competitors or conk out in a particular market and the functional strategy is the contri exception do by the resources, people and processes to the business and corporate level strategies. Companies strive with their strategies in distinguish to exit the loss leader in their specific industry or market. Nike and Adidas are the top two competitors in the foot accord, apparel and accessories discussion section of the textile industry. The focus of the latter part of this report is on how these competitors compete with each other utilize their strategies.2.0 Literature reviewIn lodge t o fully understand near strategy, it is mandatory to know about the five generic competitive strategies. The five generic strategies according to Strickland and Thompson (2003, p.150) are low-cost provider strategy, in which the organisation provides bullys or service at a low cost, broad differentiation strategy, in which the organisation differentiates its products or services making it appeal to a all-embracing range of customers, surpass-cost provider strategy, in which the organisation provides goods or services of high quality making it worth the amount they are charging which is lower than their competitors, a focused strategy commit on lower cost, in which the organisations focus on a narrower vendee segment and provides them their goods or services at a lower cost than its competitors and focused strategy base on differentiation, in which the organisation focuses on a narrower buyer segment and set abouts product customized according to their needs.3.0 Backgrounds of Nike and AdidasIMAGE universal resource locator http//digestingdesign.wordpress.com/tag/nike/3.1 Company overview of Nike gibe to (www.nikebiz.com) NIKE,Inc. was founded in 1972 by Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman. It designs, markets and distributes gymnastic footwear,apparel, equipment and accessories for a vast range of sports and fitness activities and are currently the homos leading company in the athletic footwear, apparel and accessories segment in the textile industry. It is based in Beaverton,Oregon and has subsidiaries such as Cole Haan, which designs, markets and distributes sumptuousness items such as garments, handbags and coats. Their subsidiaries also include Converse,Inc. and Hurley International LLC and Umbro,Ltd. The revenue of Nike,Inc. as at May 2010 is nearly US$ 19014 million according to (www.biz.yahoo.com).IMAGE uniform resource locator http//www. association footballcleats101.com/2009/10/07/adidas-predator-x-get-ready/3.2 Company overview of Adidas Gr oupAccording to (www.adidas-group.com) Adidas, founded in 1949 by Adofl Dassler, is a sports apparel manufacturing company. Starting with athletic footwear such as go awayning situation and soccer shoes, they currently manufacture a wide range of products such as bags, watches, shirts and accessories. They are the second largest athletic wear manufacturer, cornerstone Nike,Inc. Adidas Group is made up of three companies, Reebok, TaylorMade Adidas Golf company and Rockport. The revenue of Adidas as at May 2010 is 14878 US$ Million according to (www.biz.yahoo.com).4.0 Critical Incidents that occurred in the medieval4.1 Critical incidents that affected NikeNike, Inc. had at peace(p) through various incidents which had an impact on their success. According to Dermesropian, Drage, Grigaite and Lopez (2004,p.3) in 1972, Nike persuaded marathon runners at surpassing Tracks to wear their shoes which was an innovative strategy as it resulted in strong advertising when some of the runne rs were the top finishers and popularity of Nike move to grow throughout the 70s. In 1979 Nike had 50% of the US running shoe market. In 1988 Nike introduced their known motto Just do it and acquired a company called Cole Haan. They sponsored many famous athletes such as Michael Jordan, a famous basketball game player and Tiger woodwind instrument, an excellent young golf player. During 1992 Nike acquired Canstar sports which include the hockey equipment nobleman Bauer and opened its first Niketown store. In early 1995 Nike acquired a license to put its logotype on NFL uniformswhich resulted in strong marketing.Air Jordan IMAGE universal resource locator http//www.myairshoes.com/air-jordans/air-jordan-xx3-officially-unveiled.html They launched a parvenue brand called Jordan, in 1997, which was influenced by the famous basketball player Michael Jordan and one of the most famous shoes of that brand were called Air Jordan. Some incidents harmed Nike during 1998 as they had to cut 1,200 jobs due to the fall of sales in Asia and the demand of athletic shoes fell in 1999. Nike treasured to diversify and in the year 2000 they shifted a little towards the technological and electronic sector and introduced athletic electronics, which included MP3 players, heart monitors, and two-way radios.Products of Nike in the BCG matrix IMAGE universal resource locator http//www.robmillard.com/archives/BCG%20Matrix%20Big1.html They opened their first Nikegoddess store in California in 2001. They acquired Hurley International, a distributor of action sports apparels and lost their license to put their logos on NFL uniforms to Reebok in 2002. In 2003 they acquired one of their competitors called Converse but it continued to operate independently in order to pay back the brands popular name.4.2 Critical incidents that affected AdidasAdidas also faced various occurrences in order to work the title of the second largest athletic footwear sportswear and accessories manufactur er. Adidas Samba IMAGE universal resource locatorhttp//www. high hatshoesmen.com/adidas.Men.Samba.Classic.Soccer.Shoe/detail.htmlAccording to (www.adidas-group.com) Adidas registered as a company in 1949 with the three stripes logo as their trademark. (www.footballshirtculture.com) explains that in the year 1950 they produced the Samba all-round(prenominal) soccer shoes which are even now considered to be the best classic training shoe today. One of the biggest successes of Adidas was in 1952 when it was the most common shoe brand worn at the Olympic Gamesheld in Helsinki. They made the first track shoes with removable spikes. Emil Zatopek, in Adidas shoes, won three gold medals in one week creating a huge impact on the image of the brand.German National squad wearing Adidas in the 1954 football world form IMAGE URL http//soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/feature?id=696762cc=4716ver=global In 1954 Adidas became famous all over the world as the German national team was victorious in the football world cup for the first time, wearing Adidas shoes with screw-in spikes. In 1955 Adidas came up a shoe with exchangeable spikes which became very popular among the high jumpers. In 1964 Billy Mills won the mens 10,000 meters wearing the new Adidas shoe which was considered the lightest shoe weighing 135 grams. In 1969 Adidas produced the worlds first injection model multi stud soles of polyurethane, which gave a one year guarantee on the soles. Adidas began production of balls in 1961 and in 1970 their football was the official ball of the football world cup. In 1971 the famous Fight of the century where Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier fought with each other, twain(prenominal) of them wore special boxing shoes de sign by Adidas.Products of Adidas in the BCG Matrix IMAGE URL http//www.robmillard.com/archives/BCG%20Matrix%20Big1.htmlAdidas Copa Mundial IMAGE URL http//www.footballbootroom.com/Adidas-Copa-Mundial In 1979, Adidas produced Copa Mundial, which even today is still the worlds best selling soccer shoe. In 1986 Adidas introduced Azteca, the first synthetic world cup matchball in the world. However, in 1993 Adidas took over Sports Inc., a US based sports marketing company and Adidas was loosing US$100 million a year. Robert Louis Dreyfus had become the new president of Adidas and he downsized the German staff and went subcontracting to China. Adidas once had 70% market share in the US and it fell to 2% in 1993. In 1994 Adidas made a comeback by producing the revolutionary soccer shoe called the piranha during the soccer world cup in the USA. They went public in 1995 and acquired the Salmon Group which consisted of the brands TaylorMade, Mavicand Bonfire in 1997. The new company is named Adidas-Salmon AG. They were the first sporting goods company to chosen as the official sponsor of a soccer world cup in 1998 when they sponsored the 1998 FIFA World cup in France.Adidas caribe insanity IMAGE URL http//www.produktenews.ch/newsflashartikel. cfm?key=179710 In March 2002 Adidas launched ClimaCool a footwear with a ventilation system and introduced the new Predator Mania boots and jerseys with the dynamic layering concept in the 2002 FIFA world cup with their own official ball called the Fevernova. They exchange over 6 million footballs and more than than than 1.5 million jerseys and half a million of the Predator Mania that year. In 2006 Adidas became the official partner, supplier and licensee for the FIFA world cup to be held in 2006, 2010 and 2014. They acquired Reebok International in the homogeneous year. 5.0 Comparison of the strategies of the companies5.1 Strategies of NikeIn order to become the worlds leading designer, marketer and distributor of athletic footwear, apparel and accessories, Nike followed many strategies. Their corporate level strategy, according to Dermesropian, Drage, Grigaite and Lopez (2004,p.15) is their focus on innovation and emphasis on their research and development department in order to be profitable in the long run and they do their best to produce footwear, apparel and athletic equipment that narrow or eliminate injury, help in athletic performance and maximize comfort. They continue to expand their operation in the USA, Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East, Africa and the American regions stressful to reach as many customers as possible. Their business level strategy is a combination of the best cost provider and broad differentiation strategy, but more emphasis is put on the best cost provider strategy. They rely hard on strategic outsourcing and most of their products are manufactured right(prenominal) the United States.One of the main reasons behind their success following the cost leadership strategy is their extensive network social organisation that allows them to cancel their alliance with any company that fails to maintain their standards. They work very well with their suppliers which allow them to produce their goods at a very low price and of su periorquality with the newest applied science which garners them the market leader and the rest induce to try producing exchangeable goods close to their standard in order to survive in the market. They work very hard in their marketing strategies and which one of the primary reasons behind its success.Fig.1Fig.2Fig.3Players who wear Nike Fig.1) Cristiano Ronaldo IMAGE URL http//s702.photobucket.com/albums/ww24/bleedingblue97/?action=viewt=Cristiano_Ronaldo_Manchester_United.jpgnewest=1 Fig.2) Michael Jordan IMAGE URL http//www.ionlinephilippines.com/2009/12/michael-jordan-look-alike-michael-jordan-imposter-video/ Fig.3) Tiger Woods IMAGE URL http//www.dailyworldbuzz.com/tiger-woods-still-has-support-of-nike-gatorade-and-gillette/4970/ Nike hired famous basketball player Michael Jordan, tennis player Serena Williams and Tiger Woods who signed a seven year contract in order to be the spokesperson of Nike. In 2003 they dog-tired around US$ 32.4 million on Net TV commercials and a nother US$ 39.8 for magazine ads. In order to become the market leader one has to follow a rigid and innovative strategy but to remain as the market leader the strategy has to be digestable.According to (www.bizjournals.com) on a report published by Nike, suggest that they have planned five major programs in order to keep their corporate level strategy sustainable. In order to sustain in the long run Nike is now emphasizing more on the concerns about global warming. They have decided to focus more on their product design process, eliminating toxics and wastes wherever possible, start a GreenXchange web marketplace to share sharp property which have been designed to act as a catalyst in green development, establish a lean manufacturing and human resource management in order to acquire a more equitable supply chain, establish a social program which combines education and sports programs for the third world countries and establish a new group call the Business for Innovative Climate and Energy Policy.5.2 Strategies of AdidasThe strategies of both these sports giants are very similar but Adidasfocuses more the broad differentiation strategy. According to (www.adidas-group.com) the corporate level strategy of Adidas also focuses on innovation, trying to produce new products, services and processes in order to cope up with the competition. In 2009 the Adidas Group strategically decided to move from a vertically integrated brand structure into a functional multi-rand structure for the Reebok and Adidas brands. This created a global sales function which were responsible for commercial activities and a global brands function which were responsible for the marketing of both brands. The global sales function was also stock split into two departments, wholesale and retail, which catered to the various needs of both these business models. This was done in order to sustain their corporate level strategy for the long run so that these divisions could emphasize and work h ard in their respective departments in order to prepare the most of their efforts. This led to the elimination of regional headquarters and go towards more direct communication between the local markets and the global functions.They implemented a multi-brand strategy by having a diverse brand portfolio which allowed them to cater all segments of the market from players to almost everyone. This helped them to keep a eccentric identity and concentrate on their core competencies. Adidas focused their investments in the best marketing and distribution convey in different countries by critically evaluating the consumer buying behaviors and their constant struggle to secure prime shelf space. They have also embraced e-commerce in order to become more efficient and appeal to more customers and make purchasing much more easily accessible for them. Their supply chain is closely communicated and hence it helps them to customize their products which appeal to a wide range of customers. Th e organizational culture of Adidas group obligates employees to be innovative.This culture forces them to produce goods which are highly innovative and with the use of the latest technology their products have a very good quality. According to (ar2001.adidas-salomon.com) using latest technologies they produce products which enhances performances of players and they focus on sports such as football, tennis, basketball and even training shoes which are used by anyone with the ability to run. Their new technologies have lead to the production of Climacool, a shoe with a ventilation system and a3 a shoe with an cleverness management system that guides and drives an athletes footthrough each stride.Fig.4Fig.5Fig.6Famous players who wear Adidas Fig.4) Zinedine Zidane IMAGE URL http//s670.photobucket.com/albums/vv70/tomdavies99/?action=viewt=09_zinedine_zidane_dpa_300.jpgnewest=1 Fig.5) Kaka IMAGE URL http//soccerpitch.co.za/tag/real-madrid/ Fig.6) Kobe Bryant IMAGE URL http//family-fitne ss.mattters.com/2010/7/2/couldnt-waitAdidas Trefoil logo IMAGE URL http//free-extras.com/images/adidas_logo-658.htm Adidas has world class players who wear their products such as Zinedine Zidane of France, Alessandro Del Piero of Italy and Kobe Bryant an NBA champion who is a style pictorial matter for basketball lovers. They also concentrate on their classic items, reintroduce and redesign them under their Trefoil logo.5.3 Comparison of the strategies of Nike and AdidasAccording to (http//comparisonz.com) Nike and Adidas have almost similar strategies but different implementation methods. Both the companies concentrate heavily on technology and strive to produce new and innovative products. Nike focuses on the American markets whereas Adidas focuses on the European market. Nike does not have any production plants as they only design, distribute and market their products and hence they outsource to various countries in Asia, mainly Taiwan and Korea, which outsource their production to China, Indonesia and Vietnam. Adidas on the other hand, carry out all their production in Germany and recently has adopted Nikes outsourcing policy by outsourcing to Asian countries.Nike and Adidas both follow a premium pricing strategy which according to Kotler (2003, p.272) is a strategy where companies charge a premium price for their products. Their competition is always intense and according to Anderson (2010) during the world cup 2010 Nike launched the popular drop a line the hereafter, three minute advertisement featuring world cup stars which was a major hit on Youtube and Adidas replied with their two minute video with celebrities like Snoop Doggand Daft Punk into a famous eyeshot from the movie Star Wars. Nike sponsored nine teams whereas Adidas sponsored 12 teams.Worlds Largest LED by Nike IMAGE URL http//johannesburgbc.ning.com/profiles/blogs/nikefootball-delivers-the rase though Adidas was the official sponsor of the World cup 2010, Nike attached an LED display t o a 30 story skyscraper in Johannesburg where soccer fans could write short messages using popular social networking websites such as Twitter and Facebook and Nike put up 100 messages on the side of the walls every night.Adidas adiPURE III Nike Tiempo EliteIMAGE URL http//soccerlens.com/shirts/nike-vs-adidas-buying-football-shoes-in-2010/6410/ Umair (2010) compares the constant rivalry between Nike and Adidas using their products. During the world cup Nike launched an Elite series for the 2010 world cup called Nike Tiempo Legend Elite which had customized shoes worn by famous football players such as Christiano Ronaldo and Cesc Fabregas. Adidas on the other hand, launched a new collection called Adidas Adipure for the world cup 2010 which also had customized shoes worn by famous players such as Kaka and Lionel Messi. In soccer Adidas shoes are worn by famous players such as Zinedine Zidane, Kaka and Lionel Messi, whereas Nike shoes are worn by Christiano Ronaldo, Wayne Rooney and th e original Ronaldo. In basketball Nike shoes have been used by Michael Jordan and Adidas shoes have been worn by Kobe Bryant. 6.0 Future Plans of Nike and AdidasIt is easy to become the market leader or the market challenger for organisations but sustainability is the primary concern and hence organisations focus of the sustainability by coming up with strategies that will make their position sustainable in the long run. According to (www. environmentalleader.com) Nikes future plans are to focus on the environment and production of eco friendly products. They mentioned in their 2005 and 2006 integrated Responsibility Report that they will become carbon neutral by 2011 by reducing their Caron Dioxide emissions. They have decidedto design all Nike brand footwear in ways through which they can reduce waste production during product design and packaging. They will eliminate the use of volatile organic compounds and use more environmental friendly material in their products and be carbo n neutral by 2011. Adidas on the other hand became the official sportswear partner of the London 2012 Olympic Games.The London Organising committee for the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOGOC) has few regulations which all of its partners are obligated to follow. These obligations are focused towards the environment. Adidas, being a partner of LOGOC has to follow all these regulations as their future plans are to be the official sponsor of almost all major events in the world, and in order to achieve this goal their strategy is to produce environment friendly goods as well. They have to ensure that all their products are produced with environment friendly materials, which would protect the human health and the environment and their packaging should also be produced with materials that can be recycled. Hence we can see that both the future plans of Nike and Adidas are quite similar.7.0 ConclusionThe main element that determines an organisations success or loser is the strategy it follows. Any industry is vast and the competition is also fierce and in order to survive in the competition organisations must devise innovative strategies. Nike and Adidas have started their journey decades ago and they have struggled but sustained their positions Nike as the market leader and Adidas as the market challenger. Various incidents have occurred in the past to both the companies which were both good and bad, but it was the strategies that helped them survive and sustain their positions. The strategies of both these companies are quite similar and Adidas is not far behind from Nike, but any small mistake by Nike, might make them the market challenger and Adidas the market leader.Nike has to be very careful while implementing their strategies because Adidas is very close to becoming the market leader. Nikes initial strategy of being just the product designer, distributor and marketer gave them the competitive edge against Adidas, because their investments were low co mpared to Adidas as they have production plants, but Nike should be very careful to sustain their market position.8.0 List of referencesBooksJohnson,G., Scholes,K. and Whittington,R.(2005) Exploring Corporate Strategy Text and Cases. Seventh Edition. Prentice Hall. Thompson,A.A., and Strickland,A,J.(2003) Strategic Management archetype and cases. 13th edition. McGraw Hills. Kotler,P. ( 2003)Marketing Management, Eleventh Edition, Pearson Education.Websites(2010) NIKE, Inc. Company Profile, URLhttp//biz.yahoo.com/ic/14/14254.html (accessed 29 August 2010) (2009) Adidas Group History, URLhttp//www.adidas-group.com/en/ourgroup/ history/history.aspx (accessed 29 August 2010) (2010) Nikebiz Company Overview, URLhttp//www.nikebiz.com/company_overview/ (accessed 29 August 2010) (2010) Adidas AG Company Profile, URLhttp//biz.yahoo.com/ic/92/92632.html (accessed 29 August 2010) (2010) The history of Adidas, URLhttp//www.footballshirtculture.com/2006102796/history/adidas-football-shirt-histo ry.html (accessed 29 August 2010) (2010) Strategy, URLhttp//www.adidas-group.com/en/ourgroup/strategy (accessed 29 August 2010)/ Strategy Adidas, URLhttp//ar2001.adidas-salomon.com/adidassalomon2001/strat_adidas/ (accessed 29 August 2010) (2010) Nike vs. Adidas Compare Side by Side, URLhttp//comparisonz.com/comparisons/100305/nike-vs-adidas/ (accessed 29 August 2010) (2009) Adidas 2009 Sustainability review, URLhttp//ser2009.adidas-group.com/suppliers/3_4.html (accessed 29 August 2010)Articles(2010) Nike plans to be blow neutral by 2011, URLhttp//www.environmentalleader.com/2007/05/31/nike-plans-to-be-carbon-neutral-by-2011 (accessed 29 August 2010) Umair,A.(2010) Nike vs Adidas Buying football shoes in 2010,